In -Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Indigenous cattle and its advantages for enhancing livestock genetic quality and productivity

India's cattle can benefit greatly from in vitro fertilization (IVF) in terms of increased productivity and quality. This technology allows for the multiplication of superior germplasm which improves cow health and milk production. Additionally, it lowers the risk of disease transmission by reducing the movement of live animals and aids in the preservation of valuable native breeds. Oocytes are extracted from cows in vivo using a trans-vaginal ultrasound-guided follicular puncture up to twice a week. Following in vitro maturation and fertilization, the retrieved oocytes are cultured in vitro until they reach the blastocyst stage, after which they are transcervically transferred to the uteri of recipient cows. Cattle that are unable to produce embryos for transfer can have offspring through the procedure of in vitro embryo production and that leads to commercially successful of this technique.