Psychological determinants of physical activity: differences between adults with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and without diabetes

This study aimed to compare psychological constructs related to physical activity (PA) among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and without diabetes. The focus was on understanding differences in social-cognitive determinants and individual motives regarding PA in order to tailor PA interventions more effectively. The study utilized a sample from the randomized controlled trial Activate_Prevention, including participants with T2D, prediabetes and without diabetes at baseline (n = 214). Socio-demographic variables, diabetes parameters, psychological constructs, and the level of sport activity were gathered. The data were analyzed using regression models. Adults with T2D exhibited significantly lower self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, and affective attitude toward physical activity compared to those without diabetes. They also perceived stronger barriers. Participants with prediabetes and T2D exhibited stronger extrinsic motives but lower intrinsic motives than those without diabetes. The odds of not engaging in sport activity were higher in participants with prediabetes and T2D. The study highlights differences in socio-cognitive variables, barrier perception, and motivational profiles among adults with varying diabetes statuses. These findings underline the need for tailored intervention strategies that consider these differences, emphasizing intrinsic motives and addressing the physical and mental health benefits of exercise.