EVALUATION OF THE ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN INDIVIDUALS USING FIXED DENTAL PROSTHESES FOR A LONG PERIOD

The long-term use of fixed dental prostheses plays a vital role in restoring oral function and esthetics. However, extended use without appropriate follow-up may lead to various anatomical and functional complications. This study aimed to assess the condition of the oral cavity in individuals who have used fixed prostheses for more than five years, focusing on periodontal health, mucosal integrity, bone resorption, occlusal function, and patient satisfaction. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving 120 patients aged 40–70 years who had been wearing fixed prostheses for at least five years. Clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and patient questionnaires were used to evaluate gingival status, mucosal changes, alveolar bone levels, occlusal harmony, and subjective comfort. The results revealed a high prevalence of gingival inflammation (70%) and alveolar bone loss (68%), particularly around abutment teeth. Mucosal changes, such as hyperplasia and ulceration, were observed in 30% of participants. Over 60% experienced occlusal imbalance, and nearly half had signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Patient satisfaction decreased notably in prostheses older than ten years. These findings suggest that prolonged use of fixed prostheses without routine professional monitoring can result in significant oral health deterioration. Regular follow-up, proper hygiene practices, and individualized treatment planning are essential to prevent complications. Clinicians should prioritize prosthesis maintenance and educate patients about the importance of long-term care. Modern fabrication technologies and preventive strategies may help improve outcomes and ensure the longevity of prosthetic restorations.