A Review: Targeted Drug Delivery System

This review highlights recent research on targeted drug delivery systems involving NCTD, focusing on passive, active, and physicochemical strategies. These systems aim to improve the drug’s bioavailability, enhance therapeutic effectiveness, increase targeting precision, and minimize side effects. The delivery methods covered include direct injection, jet injection, ultrasound, and iontophoresis many of which are adapted from transdermal drug delivery techniques. Direct injection through endoscopy, using needles, has been a standard clinical practice for over a hundred years. Jet injection, a needle-free approach where a high-speed liquid jet delivers drugs into tissues, has been tested in preclinical studies for administration into the buccal mucosa. Other advanced delivery systems involve polymer-drug conjugates and nanoparticles like liposomes, quantum dots, and dendrimers. Additional strategies include attaching therapeutic agents to "targeting ligands," which can specifically bind to tumor-associated antigens. This review, therefore, concentrated on recent studies involving targeted drug delivery systems combined with NCTD, covering passive and active targeting methods, as well as this review highlights recent research on targeted drug delivery systems involving NCTD, focusing on passive, active, and physicochemical strategies.