Expanding detection bandwidth via a photonic reservoir for ultrafast optical sensing

The detection of ultrafast optical and radio-frequency (RF) signals is crucial for applications ranging from high-speed communications to advanced sensing. However, conventional detectors are fundamentally constrained by their intrinsic bandwidth, limiting accurate broadband signal measurement. Here, we show that a neuromorphic photonic processing approach can overcome this limitation, enabling accurate broadband signal detection beyond the detector bandwidth. The key idea lies in the spatiotemporal encoding of input waveforms within a photonic reservoir network, which reconstructs high-frequency components otherwise inaccessible to individual detectors. We experimentally demonstrate the detection of high-speed optical phase signals with more than an eightfold effective bandwidth expansion using an on-chip silicon photonic reservoir. This approach provides a scalable and integrable platform for high-speed optical and RF signal processing, opening new opportunities in ultrafast photonics and next-generation communication systems.