Analysis Of Clinical And Investigatory Profile In The Management And Outcome Of Guillain–Barré Syndrome

Background: Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated neuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive limb weakness. Although effective therapies are available, variations in clinical profile and prognosis remain evident across populations. Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological features, and prognostic factors in GBS, and to evaluate treatment outcomes in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in South India. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at Government Chengalpattu Medical College between July 2023 and June 2024. Forty-seven patients who satisfied the Brighton 2011 diagnostic criteria for GBS were included. Demographic details, antecedent illness, neurological findings, CSF results, and electrophysiological subtypes were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed using Hughee’s disability scale at admission, discharge, and after three months. Results: The mean age of patients was 45 years, with a slight predominance of males (53%). Ascending weakness was the most frequent initial complaint (70%). Cranial nerve palsies were seen in 34%, while 17% experienced autonomic disturbances. Demyelinating forms accounted for 55% of cases, followed by mixed and axonal patterns. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was administered to 43% and produced better outcomes compared with plasma exchange or steroid-based regimens. Overall mortality was 10.6%, mainly among older individuals and those with respiratory failure. At three months, 51% had regained independent walking ability. Conclusion: Advanced age, respiratory involvement, and autonomic dysfunction were strong predictors of poor outcome in GBS. IVIg remains the preferred therapeutic option, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention