Occurrence of Pigeon Tick (Argas reflexus) in Urban areas: A Case Report with Implications for both Human and Animal Health

Domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are ubiquitous, free-living avian species that frequently coexist with humans, livestock and other birds in urban and peri-urban environments. These birds are known reservoirs of various ectoparasites, including fleas, mites ticks and serve as potential vectors for multiple zoonotic pathogens—fungal, bacterial and viral—posing risks to public and animal health. In the present observation, a debilitated pigeon exhibiting signs of emaciation, ruffled feathers and flight incapacity, was found to be infested with ticks. Specimens were also noted in the surrounding departmental premises during routine cleaning, where mild dermal irritation and itching was experienced, suggesting incidental human contact. Ticks collected from both the pigeon and the environment were morphologically examined under a microscope and identified as Argas reflexus, an avian soft tick commonly associated with pigeons. This species, particularly its nymphal stages, is capable of biting humans, especially in the absence of a natural avian host and is frequently implicated in infestations near nesting sites. Given its zoonotic potential, this finding underscores the urgent need for continuous surveillance in urban pigeon populations and other domestic avian species such as chickens, ducks and turkeys. Integrated pigeon management strategies—including habitat modification, deterrent installation, routine ectoparasite monitoring, and public awareness—are essential to mitigate health hazards and prevent parasite spillover to humans and animals. This preliminary report highlights a urgent need for further epidemiological and ecological studies to guide evidence-based control measures.