Study Of Clinico-Demographic Profile, Serum Electrolytes, Blood Sugar, And Albumin Levels in Children with Malnutrition

Background: Malnutrition remains a major public health issue in India, particularly among children under five. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) contribute significantly to pediatric morbidity and mortality through associated metabolic disturbances, infections, and poor clinical outcomes. The role of serum electrolytes, blood sugar, and albumin in evaluating malnutrition severity and outcomes is increasingly recognized. Objectives: To study the clinico-demographic profile of children with SAM and MAM, evaluate serum electrolytes, random blood sugar (RBS), and serum albumin levels, and assess their association with short-term clinical outcomes. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 18 months in a tertiary care center. A total of 110 children aged 6 months to 5 years, diagnosed with SAM or MAM as per WHO criteria, were enrolled. Clinical, demographic, and feeding history was documented, and biochemical investigations (serum sodium, potassium, calcium, RBS, and albumin) were performed and correlated with outcomes such as recovery and mortality. Results: SAM was more prevalent in children aged 6–36 months and among lower socioeconomic groups. SAM children had significantly lower mean RBS (54.3 ± 12.7 mg/dL) and albumin (2.4 ± 0.6 g/dL) compared to MAM. Hyponatremia (70.1%), hypokalemia (59.7%), and hypocalcemia (70.1%) were markedly higher in SAM. Mortality was significantly higher in children with albumin <2.5 g/dL. Diarrheal illness was associated with greater electrolyte imbalance. Conclusion: SAM is linked with younger age, low SES, poor feeding, and biochemical derangements that predict adverse outcomes. Early correction of these abnormalities is essential to reduce mortality.