Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Depression and anxiety are common yet under-recognized psychological comorbidities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their coexistence adversely affects glycemic control, treatment adherence, and overall quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their association with clinical and sociodemographic factors in patients with T2DM attending a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 adults with T2DM attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital from January to June 2025. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales, respectively. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Associations were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 54.6 ± 9.2 years, with males comprising 54%. Most patients (41%) had diabetes for 6–10 years, and 71% showed suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Clinically significant depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) and anxiety (GAD-7 ≥10) were observed in 31% and 30% of patients, respectively. Higher rates of both conditions were noted among those with diabetes duration >10 years, HbA1c >9%, and presence of complications. Significant associations were found between depression and duration of diabetes (p = 0.018), glycemic control (p = 0.007), and complications (p = 0.025); similar associations were observed for anxiety (p = 0.041, 0.011, and 0.031, respectively). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are prevalent among patients with T2DM and correlate with disease duration, poor glycemic control, and diabetic complications. Incorporating routine psychological screening into diabetes management may enhance overall clinical outcomes.