ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF FINELY DISPERSED MINERAL FILLERS IN CEMENT SYSTEMS: ASPECTS OF EFFICIENCY, ACTION MECHANISM, AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES

This article provides an analytical overview of the application of finely dispersed mineral fillers in cement systems. Current challenges in the cement industry, including high energy costs, carbon footprint, and the need to recycle industrial waste, were discussed. The mechanisms of influence of fillers on the structure formation of cement stone, including physical, nucleation, and pozzolan effects, were analyzed in detail. Classification of fillers by origin, chemical composition, and reactivity is provided. Key research results on the effectiveness of various additives, such as microsilica, fly ash, metakaolin, and limestone flour, have been summarized. Special attention is paid to the synergistic effect of binary systems and the potential negative aspects of their application. As a scientific hypothesis, the necessity of a comprehensive approach to designing multicomponent systems, taking into account the surface activity of fillers, to achieve optimal properties, has been put forward.