Clinical and dermoscopic alterations of the nails after using semi-permanent varnish

Background: The rising popularity of semi-permanent nail varnishes has transformed nail cosmetology into a significant global industry. However, the use of these products is increasingly linked to various nail disorders and adverse effects. This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical and dermoscopic changes in nails following the application of semi-permanent varnish. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study involving 72 women who had used semi-permanent varnish at least once. The study was conducted over six months, from December 2023 to May 2024, focusing on the clinical and dermoscopic features of nail alterations. Results: A substantial 94.5% of participants reported deterioration in nail quality, with 33% categorizing the changes as severe. Clinically observed abnormalities included 48% erythronychia, 95% onychatrophy, and 73% onychoschizia. Dermoscopy revealed previously underestimated lesions, such as nail fissures (detected in 65% of cases) and dilated capillaries (23% exclusively). Only 7% developed onychomycosis, while allergic reactions were infrequent. Discussion: Our findings underscore the predominance of mechanical damage associated with semi-permanent varnish use, contrasting with prior studies that reported higher rates of allergic reactions. Key risk factors identified include early initiation of varnish use and frequent exposure to UV lamps. Conclusion: While semi-permanent nail products offer aesthetic enhancements, they pose significant risks for adverse effects. Dermatologists must maintain comprehensive knowledge of these products and their potential complications to improve patient care for those experiencing cosmetic nail procedure-related disorders.