A health information-seeking behavior conceptual framework for public health emergencies in the meta-COVID era

Purpose This paper introduces a novel conceptual framework depicting individuals’ health information-seeking behavior during public health emergencies within the complex circumstances induced in the highly digitalized era we currently live in. It discusses the empirical findings and theoretical insights that impacted its synthesis as well as its theoretical and practical implications. Design/methodology/approach A narrative literature review was conducted to identify human behavioral theories and information behavior macromodels applicable to portray, elaborate and predict individuals’ health information behavior at times of crisis, considering additional impactful factors that had as well emerged from the literature review, i.e. personality. The integrated model of health literacy was expanded by Wilson’s 1981 model of information-seeking behavior and Savolainen’s model of everyday life information seeking, to encapsulate a varying set of determining factors that shape one’s information behavior during public health emergencies. Findings A multitude of parameters at the personal and societal levels determines how an individual will respond to his/hers information needs triggered by a public health crisis outbreak. The information behavior demonstrated will be additionally impacted by relevant collective information-seeking endeavors as well as the emerging threats of misinformation, disinformation and infodemics. Therefore, health behaviors and outcomes observed during and after the manifestation of a public health crisis appear strongly linked to individuals’ health information needs satisfaction as well as his/hers health information literacy levels. Originality/value While prior models have examined health information behavior during emergencies, this framework offers a novel integration of behavioral, personal, societal and contextual dimensions specific to public health crises, thereby aiming to advance a more multidimensional understanding of this complex human function. Once validated, the findings will have broad significance for policymakers, as they would be in a position to prepare for and respond to imminent threats holistically while strengthening citizens’ digital competencies and enhancing their health information literacy.