Maternal Outcomes in Pregnant Women Having First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: First-trimester vaginal bleeding is a common pregnancy complication, with significant implications for maternal outcomes. Early recognition and evaluation of such cases are vital to improve pregnancy prognosis. Objective: To assess the maternal outcomes in women presenting with first-trimester vaginal bleeding at a tertiary care centre. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 pregnant women presenting with vaginal bleeding in the first trimester. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, ultrasonographic findings, and maternal complications were analyzed. Data were expressed in percentages and proportions. Results: Among 100 women, the majority were aged 21–25 years (53%), and 57% were multigravida. Most presented between 6–9 weeks gestation (63%). Natural conception accounted for 78%, with the remainder conceived by ovulation induction or assisted reproductive techniques. On ultrasonography, 42% pregnancies were viable while 58% were non-viable. Among viable pregnancies, 57% delivered at term, while complications such as placenta previa (5%), abruption (2%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (7%), and intrauterine growth restriction (5%) were observed. Non-viable pregnancies were predominantly due to inevitable abortion (28%), followed by complete abortion (21%), incomplete abortion (17%), and ectopic pregnancy (10%). The mode of delivery among viable pregnancies included vaginal delivery (52%), caesarean section (43%), and instrumental delivery (5%). Conclusion: First-trimester bleeding was associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal outcomes. Careful monitoring and timely intervention are essential to optimize pregnancy prognosis