Research on Integrated Energy System Planning Optimization Considering Carbon Trading and Electricity–Thermal Energy Storage Synergy

The integrated energy system (IES) plays a huge role in improving energy efficiency, promoting the development of renewable energy, and reducing carbon emissions. This paper proposes an IES planning optimization method that takes into account carbon trading and electricity–thermal storage synergy in the low-carbon supply system of regional energy systems. First, based on the structure and positioning of the IES, a framework for information transmission and linkage of IES participation in the electricity and carbon trading markets is established. Second, a collaborative operation strategy is designed for the integration of electric–thermal energy storage systems to suppress fluctuations in renewable energy output, ensure supply-demand balance, and enable peak valley arbitrage. Third, with the objective of minimizing the annual total cost that integrates carbon trading costs, an IES planning optimization model is proposed that considers carbon trading costs and electricity–thermal storage synergy strategies. Then, by improving the learning speed of individual particles and introducing the concept of individual difference, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved to enhance convergence accuracy. The results show that the proposed model can effectively reduce investment and annual operating costs, and increase the proportion of renewable energy in the energy system.