Scytalidium cuboideum Sigler & Kang

7.Scytalidium cuboideum(Sacc. & Ellis) Sigler & Kang, Mycologia 102 (5): 1179 (2010) Geotrichum microsporum Smith, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 45: 388. 1962. Basionym. Oospora cuboidea Sacc. & Ellis, Michelia 2 (8): 576. 1882. Synonym. Arthrographis cuboidea (Sacc. & Ellis) Sigler, Mycotaxon 4: 363. 1976. Other synonyms and a detailed description are provided in Sigler and Carmichael (1976). Description and illustration. Kang et al. (2010). Notes. Scytalidium cuboideum is phylogenetically closely related to S. sphaerosporum and S. chlamydosporum (Figs 1, 2). The distinctions between S. cuboideum and S. chlamydosporum are provided in the notes for S. chlamydosporum. Morphologically, S. cuboideum differs from S. sphaerosporum by its unknown sexual morph (Kang et al. 2010). Furthermore, based on a pairwise comparison of ITS, S. cuboideum (Isotype UAMH 676) differs from S. sphaerosporum (ex-type ATCC 34392) by 13.2 % (73 / 554 bp, 23 gaps) in the ITS. Scytalidium cuboideum is a soft rot fungus capable of causing pink or blue spalting in wood, commonly found on both hardwoods and softwoods such as oak (Quercus spp.) (Robinson et al. 2007). It has a global distribution and has been isolated from various regions, including the United States, South Africa, Japan, and Bhutan (Robinson et al. 2007). Scytalidium cuboideum produces a red pigment known as draconin red, which exhibits excellent lightfastness, UV resistance, and colorfastness, showing strong potential for applications in textiles, wood coatings, and paper dyeing (Robinson et al. 2014; Gutierrez et al. 2019; Hinsch et al. 2022; Diplock et al. 2023). Notably, although not a common pathogen, it has been isolated from respiratory samples (such as bronchial wash and lung tissue), can grow at 37 ° C, and is susceptible to several antifungal agents (e. g., posaconazole, voriconazole) but resistant to echinocandins and terbinafine, indicating potential pathogenicity (Giraldo et al. 2013; Sy-Cordero et al. 2015).