Biochemical Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome: A Multiparameter Approach For Early Diagnosis And Prognosis

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conventional diagnostic criteria rely on anthropometric and biochemical parameters, but may fail to detect individuals at an early stage of risk. Emerging biomarkers reflecting insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress may improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Objectives:To evaluate the role of a multiparameter biochemical approach in the early diagnosis and prognostication of MetS. Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted at Tertiary care Hospital in Telangana, from January 2024 to January 2025. A total of 100 patients fulfilling NCEP-ATP III/IDF criteria were enrolled. Biochemical evaluation included fasting glucose, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR, serum uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results:MetS patients exhibited significantly higher fasting glucose, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR, uric acid, hs-CRP, and MDA, along with lower HDL-C and TAC (p < 0.05). Multiparameter analysis detected at-risk individuals earlier than conventional criteria. Conclusion:Incorporating markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress with traditional parameters enhances the diagnostic precision and prognostic assessment of MetS. A multiparameter biochemical approach may enable earlier intervention and improved risk stratification in high-risk populations