Comparative Study of Lichtenstein Mesh Repair Vs Laparoscopic Hernia Repair

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common general surgical procedures worldwide. While Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair is widely practiced, laparoscopic techniques (TAPP/TEP) offer potential advantages in terms of postoperative pain and recovery. This study compares the outcomes of Lichtenstein and laparoscopic hernia repair. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernia, divided into two groups: Lichtenstein repair (n=50) and laparoscopic repair (n=50). Operative time, postoperative pain (VAS score), hospital stay, complications, return to normal activity, and recurrence at 12 months were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean operative time was shorter in the Lichtenstein group (55 ± 8 min) than the laparoscopic group (75 ± 10 min, p<0.001). Postoperative pain at 24 hours was lower in the laparoscopic group (VAS 3.8 ± 0.9 vs 6.2 ± 1.1, p<0.001). Hospital stay and time to return to normal activity were also shorter with laparoscopy (2.1 ± 0.5 vs 3.5 ± 0.8 days, 8.2 ± 1.4 vs 13.5 ± 2.3 days; p<0.001). Complication rates were comparable (Lichtenstein 10%, laparoscopic 12%, NS), and recurrence at 12 months was 2% in the Lichtenstein group and 0% in the laparoscopic group (NS). Conclusion: Both techniques are safe and effective for inguinal hernia repair. Laparoscopic repair provides advantages of reduced pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery, while Lichtenstein repair remains a cost-effective, reliable option, particularly in resource-limited settings. The choice should be guided by patient factors, surgeon expertise, and available resources.