Dual Therapeutic Pathways in TMJ Disorders: Insights from Hyaluronic Acid and PRP Interventions

Abstract Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are multifactorial conditions characterized by pain, dysfunction, and reduced quality of life. Minimally invasive biologic therapies such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infiltrations have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional management. Methods: Fifty patients treated with HA and fifty patients treated with PRP were analyzed retrospectively. Baseline demographics, etiology, imaging profiles, and adjunctive therapies were recorded. Clinical outcomes were assessed using maximal mouth opening, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and patient-reported results. Results: HA patients were older (mean 47.3 years) with predominantly degenerative imaging findings, while PRP patients were younger (mean 38.6 years) with parafunctional or inflammatory etiologies. HA infiltrations improved oral opening by more than 10 mm on average, whereas PRP achieved comparable functional recovery but significantly greater pain reduction (VAS decrease from 5.6 to 1.4). Patient-reported remission was more frequent in the PRP group, while HA provided consistent moderate improvement. Conclusion: Both HA and PRP represent effective therapeutic pathways in TMJ management, with complementary benefits. HA is best suited for degenerative cases requiring improved mobility, while PRP provides superior pain relief in inflammatory and parafunctional disorders.