MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the most pressing global health challenges, ranking among the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. The pathogenesis of the disease is primarily associated with atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, and thrombosis. This article highlights current strategies for the management of IHD. In pharmacotherapy, the efficacy of antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel), statins, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers is reviewed. In interventional cardiology, coronary angioplasty and stenting are widely applied, often in combination with non-invasive diagnostic techniques. In complex cases, coronary artery bypass grafting remains an effective surgical option. Recent years have seen increasing attention to minimally invasive technologies, novel antithrombotic drugs, and advances in regenerative medicine, including stem cell and gene therapies. Preventive measures, risk factor modification, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle play a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of IHD recurrence.