Application of Nanotechnologies in Pharmaceutical Industry

Nanotechnology has rapidly emerged as a transformative force in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, offering innovative solutions for drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. This review highlights the advantages of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including enhanced efficacy, targeted delivery, and reduced adverse effects. Various nano systems-such as carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles-are explored along with different fabrication techniques like polymerization, nano-spray drying, and supercritical fluid technology. The study also examines the physicochemical factors influencing nanoparticle performance and stability. Clinical applications span cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, tuberculosis, kidney disorders and COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, nanotechnology’s role in diagnostics, wearable devices, and AI-driven biomedicine are discussed. Despite its promise, challenges related to toxicity, scalability and regulation persist. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of current strategies and future directions, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.