To Evaluate Prescription Pattern, Therapeutic Outcome and Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients of Community Acquired Pneumonia Coming to Tertiary Hospital

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. Understanding prescription patterns and treatment outcomes is critical for improving care and promoting antimicrobial stewardship. To evaluate prescription patterns, therapeutic outcomes, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in CAP patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, and to assess the impact of physician-related factors on prescribing behavior. A prospective observational study was conducted among 300 CAP patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected. Prescriptions were analyzed for antibiotic choice, adjunct therapies, and guideline adherence. Patients were followed for regimen modifications, ICU admission, need for ventilation, hospital stay, and mortality. ADRs were recorded and classified. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. The mean patient age was 54.2 years; 63% were male. Most patients (61.3%) belonged to lower socioeconomic groups, and 64% presented with severe/very severe CAP. Ceftriaxone + azithromycin (43.3%) was the most common regimen, followed by cefoperazone–sulbactam + levofloxacin (21%). Empirical therapy predominated (95%), with targeted therapy in 5%. Regimen modifications occurred in 26%. ICU admission was required in 32%, mechanical ventilation in 16.7%, and in-hospital mortality was 4%. Guideline-adherent therapy was associated with shorter hospital stay (5.4 vs. 7.2 days) and better outcomes. ADRs occurred in 7.3%, mostly mild gastrointestinal or dermatological events. Empirical prescribing remains predominant in CAP, but adherence to guidelines improves outcomes and reduces mortality. Strengthening diagnostic integration, antimicrobial stewardship, and prescriber training is essential in tertiary care settings.