Clinical Evaluation of Sperm DNA Fragmentation as a Predictor of Male Infertility in the Libyan Population: Evidence from Misurata Center

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is an important indicator in assessing male fertility, especially in cases where conventional semen analysis criteria are insufficient. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SDF among infertile men in Libya and analyze its relationship with semen parameters and reproductive factors. A prospective study was conducted on 30 infertile couples at the Misrata Infertility Center, after obtaining ethical approval. Males underwent semen analysis according to the World Health Organization (2021) criteria, in addition to DNA fragmentation testing using the Halosperm® SCD test. A fragmentation index (SDF) of ≥25% was considered high. The results showed a significant inverse relationship between SDF and both semen volume and progressive motility, while normal sperm morphology was associated with a protective effect. Smoking, a history of varicocele surgery, and a high percentage of immotile sperm were also identified as significant risk factors, while progressive motility and normal morphology were protective factors. These findings underscore the importance of the SDF test as a diagnostic tool complementary to conventional semen analysis, given its role in detecting cellular dysfunction that is often overlooked in routine examinations. This supports the inclusion of the test in standard clinical assessments, especially in the presence of modifiable risk factors. The study also highlights the need to adopt preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification and antioxidant therapy, to improve sperm quality and reduce genetic damage, thus enhancing fertility. Keywords: Sperm DNA fragmentation; Male infertility; Libyan population; Semen parameters.