Integrative Approaches in Dementia Care: The Role of Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Dementia is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline, behavioral disturbances, and functional impairment that severely affects both patients and caregivers. While pharmacological treatments are available, they often provide limited symptomatic relief and may have adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular complications, and heightened risk of falls. Consequently, non-pharmacological interventions have gained prominence as a safe, cost-effective, and holistic approach to dementia care. These interventions include cognitive stimulation therapy, reminiscence therapy, physical exercise, music and art therapy, environmental modifications, and caregiver support programs. Research indicates that these strategies can improve cognitive functioning, reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), enhance emotional well-being, and alleviate caregiver burden. This review synthesizes current evidence on non-pharmacological care of dementia, highlighting practical applications, challenges, and future directions for clinical practice and research.