Lateral Force Resisting Mechanisms in High-Rise Irregular Buildings: Structural Performance Perspective

This review synthesizes research on Structural Performance of High-Rise Irregular Buildings - Examination of specific lateral force resisting systems such as shear walls, braced frames, and moment-resisting frames. Understanding the technical performance and historical development of these systems." to address challenges in optimizing lateral load resistance in complex tall structures. The review aimed to evaluate seismic and wind performance, benchmark stiffness, strength, and ductility, identify historical innovations, compare system effectiveness in displacement and torsion control, and analyse irregularity impacts on design. A systematic selection of studies employing numerical simulations, experimental investigations, and analytical modelling across diverse seismic zones and materials was conducted. Findings indicate that shear walls and dual systems provide superior lateral stiffness and base shear capacity, while braced frames, especially buckling-restrained types, enhance energy dissipation and reduce residual drifts. Irregularities significantly affect torsional response and load distribution, mitigated by strategic system placement and hybrid configurations. Historical developments reveal advances in composite materials and damping technologies, though comprehensive integration remains limited. These results converge to underscore the necessity of combined lateral force resisting systems tailored to irregular geometries for improved seismic resilience. The synthesis informs design strategies that balance structural efficiency, ductility, and cost-effectiveness, advancing theoretical understanding and practical applications in high-rise irregular building engineering.