ASPECT OF TRANSLATING PROCESS

This article provides a systematic account of the translating process as one of the central problems of translation theory, emphasizing its cognitive, linguistic, and methodological dimensions. Translation is presented as a dual mental activity of comprehension and verbalization, which, due to its non-observable nature, is explained through theoretical models. The discussion examines three major frameworks: the situational model, which interprets translation as mediation through extra-linguistic reality; the semantic–transformational model, formulated by E. Nida, which conceptualizes translation as a three-stage sequence of analysis, transfer, and synthesis; and the semantic model, which assumes universal “deep” categories shared across languages. These models are shown to function not only as explanatory tools but also as practical procedures in translator training.