Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Rates Continue to Climb, Even in Regions Where Undernutrition Once Dominated

As we welcome the October 2025 issue of Endocrinology Research and Practice, it is striking to see how rapidly our field is changing. Endocrinology today is not only about hormones and glands, but also about global health, technology, and the future of human kind. One of the most urgent themes this year is the worldwide rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The latest World Health Organization reports warn that rates of childhood obesity continue to climb, even in regions where undernutrition once dominated. For endocrinologists, this means facing both the clinical challenge of managing complications and the social responsibility of advocating for healthier environments. Preventive strategies, including nutrition, physical activity, and public health policy, are becoming as essential as pharmacological treatment. Human kind would probably lose the ongoing battle with obesity and diabetes, without focusing on these issues, but pharmacological treatment alone. Another frontier is the use of artificial intelligence in endocrinology. From automated insulin delivery systems to AI-driven analysis of thyroid imaging, technology is now supporting doctors in diagnosis and management. While promising, these tools also raise questions of fairness, accessibility, and reliability. This month’s issue includes perspectives on how digital tools can be integrated responsibly into patient care. You will also find an excellent review articles , one from a distinguished group from Italy on ‘Pituitary Hyperplasia’ and another one about an early paradigm shift in thyroid cancer management the ‘thermal ablation’. Finally, October reminds us of seasonal shifts in health. Vitamin D deficiency, changes in physical activity, and the upcoming influenza season highlight the need for endocrinologists to think not only about long-term conditions but also about how the environment and time of year affect our patients. We thank our contributors, reviewers for their dedication and hard work, and would also like to thank our readers for their ongoing support which increases our impact considerably. It is through this shared effort that Endocrinology Research and Practice continues to grow as a platform for scientific exchange and clinical improvement. We hope this issue stimulates new ideas, encourages collaboration, and, most importantly, helps improve patient care. Murat Faik Erdoğan Editor-in- Chief Endocrinology Research and Practice