Using action research to evaluate a pre-registration pharmacist training and assessment framework in Singapore: Results from Phase 1 implementation

Introduction: An action research-guided national pre-registration pharmacist (pre-reg) training programme was implemented in two phases: July 2023 to January 2024, and May 2024 to January 2025. The programme is based on professional activities (PAs) required for independent practice, aligning with the Singapore Development Framework for Pharmacists’ competency standards. Workplace-based assessments (WBAs) graded using a supervision scale form the assessment framework. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of PAs for training and assessment while gathering feedback on user experience. Methods: Pre-regs and preceptors were selected through purposive sampling with randomisation. Data was collected via online surveys and group interviews. Interviews were conducted separately for pre-regs and preceptors using similar question guides, and audio-recorded, transcribed, then thematically analysed. Results: Responses from 14 pre-regs and 16 preceptors during Phase One highlighted the strengths, challenges, and recommendations for improving PAs and WBA templates. Pre-regs felt the framework supports a seamless transition to post-course training, while preceptors recognised their role in ensuring that pre-regs attain appropriate supervision levels. The framework was positively received, with well-performing elements retained and areas for improvement identified. Insights gained from action research informed refinements to the framework. Action research for Phase Two is ongoing, with results forthcoming. Conclusion: The study’s findings led to framework modifications for Phase Two implementation from May 2024. Adjustments were made to individual PAs and WBA forms, with consolidated guidance provided in a user toolkit for dissemination. Keywords: Action Research, Pre-registration Pharmacist Training, Entrustable Professional Activities