Digital Forensics. The challenges of searching computer systems and authorized access to a computer system

Electronic devices, especially advanced mobile phones, have become essential in criminal investigations due to their ability to provide relevant data for establishing judicial truth. Digital search procedures require strict adherence to certain standards, but in practice, several challenges have been identified that call for adapting the legal framework and updating both procedures and forensic tactical rules. Authorized access to an IT system allows the extraction of digital data using specialized software and has become an increasingly common tool to prevent the compromise of digital evidence stored on devices used by suspects. Practical examples highlight the urgent need to train specialists in cybercrime for the identification and management of digital evidence, which is now encountered in nearly every criminal investigation. Simplifying digital search procedures, by eliminating the need for assistant witnesses and the physical presence of the suspect, can streamline investigations and protect the confidentiality of data. The use of artificial intelligence in data analysis enables the rapid identification of relevant evidence and automates the process of drafting legal documents. AI programs can organize and analyze large volumes of data, facilitating the extraction of essential information for the investigation. Therefore, modernizing procedures, adequately training a body of specialists in digital forensics, and integrating advanced technologies are crucial for enhancing the efficiency of combating crime in general, as well as ensuring a fair and efficient criminal justice process.