Impacto del cambio climático en la disponibilidad de recursos hídricos y estrategias de adaptación en comunidades vulnerables

Climate change constitutes one of the main threats to water security in Latin America, especially in rural and vulnerable communities that directly depend on natural resources for their subsistence. Therefore, the objective is to analyze the available scientific evidence on the impacts of climate variability and the reduction in water availability, with special attention to the Amazon, the Andes, and semi-arid zones of the region. A qualitative method with an explanatory approach and a bibliographic review are applied, through which studies published in indexed journals between 2010 and 2023 are compiled and systematized, prioritizing research on climate modeling, precipitation variability, water scarcity, and adaptation strategies. As a result, the study shows an accelerated retreat of Andean glaciers, decreased water flows in the Amazon, and increased frequency of droughts in arid areas, which compromise food security, health, and local economic development. Solutions based on rainwater harvesting, community reservoirs, low-cost treatment technologies, and participatory resource management are also identified. The discussion highlights that responses must be adapted to the geographic and sociocultural context, integrating both technological innovation and local knowledge. The conclusion is that water resilience is only possible through a comprehensive approach that combines science, governance, and community participation, accompanied by flexible public policies and sustainable financing