Advancements in Biochar Functionalization for Sustainable Adsorption of Sulfur‐Containing Gaseous Pollutants

ABSTRACT The continuous emission of gaseous pollutants from the exploration and consumption of fossil‐based energy sources has continued to damage the atmosphere, necessitating effective remediation strategies. The utilization of biochar as a renewable material for the adsorption of gaseous pollutants has attracted considerable interest owing to its ease of production, reusability, effectiveness, and eco‐friendliness. The study reviews the application of functionalized biochar for the removal of sulfur‐containing gaseous pollutants like hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and carbon oxysulfide (COS) from air. The various functionalization techniques for biochar modification and outcomes of recent studies on the deployment of modified biochar for the removal of H 2 S, SO 2 , and COS are reviewed. The integration of artificial intelligence, case studies, challenges, and future research directions in the research domain is highlighted. The study testifies that functionalization enhances the microstructure, surface area, porosity, surface chemistry, and adsorption capacity of raw biochar for pollutant adsorption. The findings of this review depict functionalized biochar as an efficient material for H 2 S, SO 2 , and COS removal, thereby mitigating pollution, safeguarding public health, and contributing to environmental sustainability. Interdisciplinary collaboration and a handshake between academic and industry players are needed in overcoming existing challenges and translating research advancements into practical applications.