A Review on Cutting-Edge Extraction and Analytical Methodologies in Herbal Technology

Chromatographic techniques are essential tools in modern analytical chemistry, enabling the separation, identification, and quantification of complex mixtures. Among these, ion exchange chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) are widely utilized for their precision, efficiency, and versatility across various scientific and industrial domains. Ion exchange chromatography, a classical yet powerful method, operates based on the reversible exchange of ions between a stationary resin and a mobile phase. It has gained prominence in pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and environmental analyses for its ability to purify biomolecules, antibiotics, and other charged compounds with high selectivity and reproducibility. On the other hand, HPTLC represents an advanced evolution of traditional TLC, offering enhanced resolution, sensitivity, and automation. It integrates modern detection methods and computerized data processing, enabling both qualitative and quantitative analysis of diverse samples, from pharmaceuticals to natural products. The technique’s adaptability and rapid throughput make it invaluable for method development, validation, and quality assurance. Collectively, these chromatographic methods play a crucial role in improving analytical reliability, ensuring product consistency, and advancing research across scientific and industrial sectors.