Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Ajar berbasis Pendekatan Open-ended muatan Productive Struggle pada Bilangan Cacah di Sekolah Dasar

Teaching materials play an important role in supporting meaningful learning processes, particularly in mathematics education at the elementary school level. However, the use of conventional and limited teaching materials often becomes an obstacle to building a deep understanding of concepts, especially in topics related to number operations such as multiplication. This study aims to analyze the needs for mathematics teaching materials based on an open-ended approach with a focus on productive struggle for fourth-grade elementary school students. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of two mathematics teachers and 43 fourth-grade students from two elementary schools. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and document studies conducted at the two schools. The analysis results show that the teaching materials used are still limited to government-issued textbooks that lack variety, with content and exercises that have yet to encourage the exploration of solution strategies. Teachers have not fully understood or implemented the open-ended approach and the concept of productive struggle. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers begin to utilize more varied teaching materials, provide problems that allow for diverse solution strategies, and integrate elements of productive struggle to enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding.