Green Gold : Microalgae's Role in Bioplastic Innovation

Abstract This comprehensive review `explores the potential and challenges of producing bioplastics from microalgae, a promising and eco-friendly alternative to conventional petroleum- based plastics. It starts by highlighting the environmental harm caused by traditional plastics, including pollution and resource depletion. The concept of bioplastics is then introduced as a solution to these issues. Microalgae are presented as an ideal biomass source due to their fast growth, high lipid content, and minimal land and water requirements. The review thoroughly examines the various methods used to produce microalgae-based bioplastics and evaluates their mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties to access their suitability for different applications. Factors such as biodegradability and shelf life are considered in environmental impacts assessments, emphasizing their potential to reduce the negative effects of plastic waste. The study also delves into the economic aspects, analyzing production costs and market opportunities and incentives. By highlighting current innovations and future trends, this review provides valuable insights into the role of microalgae- based bioplastics in creating a more sustainable plastics industry, offering a balanced perspective on their benefits, limitations, and potential application. Keywords Bioplastics. Microalgae. Sustainable plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)