Endometriosis Symptoms, Etiology, and Effects of Lifestyle Changes and Food Habits: A Detailed Literature Review

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects approximately 10–15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility, and reduced quality of life. The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and multifactorial, involving hormonal imbalances, genetic predispositions, immunological dysfunctions, environmental exposures, and epigenetic modifications. Lifestyle factors and dietary patterns have emerged as important modulators in the onset and progression of endometriosis. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the symptoms, etiology, and the role of lifestyle modifications—including physical activity, stress management, sleep, smoking, alcohol, and dietary habits—in the prevention and management of endometriosis. The paper highlights both protective and risk-enhancing behaviors and provides perspectives for future interventions