GENRE CHARACTERISTICS AND TRANSLATION OF HISTORICAL WORDS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTË’S «JANE EYRE»

This article is devoted to the analysis of genre characteristics, as well as translation of historicisms from English into Kazakh in Charlotte Bronte’s novel «Jane Eyre». The research actively examines historical terms, social and cultural realities of the 19th century, which create difficulties for the translator when adapting the text to a new linguistic and cultural environment. The main task is to convey the exact meaning of the original, as well as to preserve the historical context of the novel for the Kazakh reader. Article pays special attention to the difficulties of translating historicisms in social circumstances that may not have direct analogues in the Kazakh language. The study considers various translation methods that are used to solve these problems. These are the methods of literal translation, equivalent translation, generalization and explication. Literal translation is used for words and expressions that have exact analogues in the Kazakh language, while equivalent translation helps to find the most suitable analogues in the cultural context. Generalization allows you to preserve the general meaning of the term, and explication is a method of explaining the meanings of terms through description, which helps the reader better understand the cultural features of the original. Thus, the translation of historicisms in the novel «Jane Eyre» from English into Kazakh requires flexibility and attention to detail in order to preserve not only the accuracy of the translation, but also the cultural richness of the text. Keywords: genre, gothicism, bildungsroman, historicisms, generalization, equivalence, explication, literal translation