The Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Laboratory Readiness for Emerging Pathogens: A Review Study

Background: Emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are international health concerns because of their high virulence, transmissibility, and aerosol-transmissibility. Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories provide necessary containment for the study of these Risk Group 3 (RG3) agents while balancing research needs with stringent safety precautions. Aim: This review evaluates BSL-3 laboratory preparedness for new pathogens in infrastructure, operational practices, training, and challenges to inform future outbreak responses. Methods: There was a systematic review of the literature, complemented by global guidelines from the CDC and WHO. Incident analyses and case studies provide valuable lessons. Results: Negative pressure, HEPA filtration, and rigorous training are required for BSL-3 labs to deal with pathogens like the Nipah virus and Francisella tularensis. Challenges include higher costs, disruption of the supply chain in LMICs, and risk of laboratory-acquired infection. AI surveillance and modular laboratory design help with better preparedness. Conclusion: BSL-3 laboratories have a pivotal role in diagnosis, vaccine development, and control of outbreaks, necessitating global investment in facilities and training to address new threats.