Carrageenan, Hydroxyapatite, Tricalcium Phosphate and Cissus quadrangularis-Impregnated Hybrid Polymer Membrane for Periodontal Guided Tissue Regeneration

The present investigation focused on the development and characterization of a hybrid polymer membrane incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), kappa-carrageenan (CAR), and Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) for potential application in periodontal guided tissue regeneration. A 2% solution of kappa-carrageenan was prepared in distilled water, after which TCP synthesized by solid-state reaction was blended with HA and CQ to generate the composite. The homogenized mixture was cast into Petri dishes and lyophilized to form membranes. Two groups were fabricated: the control membrane containing CAR and HA, and the test membrane containing CAR, HA, TCP, and CQ.The membranes were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile strength analysis, contact angle measurement, and antibacterial assays against Streptococcus mutans. The test membrane displayed a notable increase in tensile strength (4.12 MPa) compared with the control (2.65 MPa). Contact angle assessment indicated enhanced hydrophilicity (56.15°), suggesting improved potential for cell attachment. FTIR and SEM confirmed successful incorporation of TCP and CQ, with SEM images revealing a rougher surface architecture favorable for tissue interaction. Antibacterial activity was also superior in the test membrane, producing a 12 mm inhibition zone versus 8 mm in the control. Overall, the CAR+HA+TCP+CQ hybrid membrane demonstrated improved mechanical, surface, and antimicrobial properties, supporting its suitability as a candidate for periodontal regeneration.