Strength and Durability Enhancement in Geopolymer Mortar Incorporating Nano-silica and Nano-GGBFS

The construction sector is facing an increasing number of challenges due to the substantial carbon footprint associated with cement production, which significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions. Geopolymer compounds are emerging as a sustainable alternative, as they reduce the necessity for cement while achieving comparable or better performance. Recent developments in the incorporation of nanomaterials into cementitious systems have demonstrated substantial improvements in microstructural densification, durability, and strength. Nanoparticles, such as nano silica (NS) and nano-GGBFS (N-GGBFS), accelerate geopolymerization, optimize pore structure, and improve the interfacial transition zone, resulting in improved mechanical and durability properties. The present research explores geopolymer mortar (GPM) and analyzes the influence of nanomaterials on its fresh and hardened properties. The inclusion of nanoparticles not only accelerated early strength development but also enhanced long-term performance by diminishing porosity and bolstering resilience to environmental degradation. The results indicate that nanomodified geopolymer mortar is a feasible, environmentally sustainable option for construction, aiding in the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions while upholding superior performance standards.