Structure of the winter wheat yield depending on the terms of sowing

Goal. To determine the regularities of the formation of elements of the structure of the soft winter wheat yield, to reveal the mechanisms of their adaptation to climate change based on the use of the biological potential of plants and the selection of so­w­ing periods in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field (conducting experiments according to the developed scheme, studying biometric parameters of plants), laboratory (plant ana­lysis, crop quality assessment), measuring and weighing (determination of biometric indicators of individual productivity of varieties, and parameters of the crop structure), mathematical and statistical, comparative and calculation (justification of the reliability of the results obtained). Results. The research was conducted at the experimental sites of the Ternopil State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS (soil — deep low humus chornozem, medium loamy) du­ring 2007–2024. A clear dependence of the formation of the main elements of the structure of the winter wheat yield on the terms of sowing, with the dominance of individual indicators in the variants of different terms of sowing, was established. The closest relationship was noted between the density of the productive stalk and the sowing period, slightly less between the mass of 1000 grains and the sowing period. Conclusions. The results of the experiment conducted during 2007–2024 confirmed the significant influence of sowing time on the value of the main elements of the structure of winter wheat yield. Formation of density of productive stalk in the range of 440–488 pcs./m2, the number of grains in the wheel — 36.5–41.0 pcs., the mass of grain from an ear — 1.50–1.74 g, the mass of 1000 grains — 40.6–42.1 g per sowing in the optimal terms of sowing contri­buted to the yield of winter wheat at the level of 6.14–6.31 tons/ha, and in some years — 7.33–7.82 t/ha.