Transformation of Indonesian Criminal Justice Paradigm: Analysis of the Integration of Restorative Justice Principles in the National Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023)

This article explores the paradigm shift of criminal justice in Indonesia from a retaliatory approach to a restorative approach through the passage of the National Criminal Code Law No. 1 of 2023. This research applies a normative legal method with an approach to regulations and concepts. The findings of the study show that the 2023 National Criminal Code has adopted the principles of restorative justice through the revision of the purpose of punishment in Article 51, the introduction of a diversion mechanism in Article 112, and the strengthening of the victim's position in the criminal justice process. This shift signifies a fundamental change from a retributive paradigm to a restorative paradigm that emphasizes healing of victims, rehabilitation of perpetrators, and restoration of social relations. The implementation of this new paradigm requires the support of implementing regulations, increased human resource capacity, and changes in legal culture in the community so that the effectiveness of criminal justice practices in Indonesia can be guaranteed.