LOCAL AND REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the three-tier system of local self-government in the Republic of Poland. By examining constitutional provisions and sectoral legislation, the study investigates the legal status, competencies, and organizational structure of basic (gmina), intermediate (powiat), and regional (voivodeship) units of self-government. Particular attention is paid to the principle of subsidiarity as the foundation for the distribution of powers between different levels of authority. The paper argues that the Polish model is based not on administrative hierarchy but on the functional autonomy and cooperation of self-government bodies, ensuring their high efficiency in addressing local and regional issues. The study concludes that the successful operation of this system is a key factor in Poland's sustainable development and European integration.