National Freedom as a Cornerstone of Georgian Anarchismin Varlam Cherkezishvili’s Philosophical Concept

This paper explores the philosophical and ideological legacy of Georgian anarchist Varlam Cherkezishvili, emphasizing the synthesis of his anarchist convictions with his deep-rooted patriotism. It challenges prevailing interpretations that view nationalism as a tool for anarchist propagation, arguing instead that Cherkezishvili encountered significant resistance to ideas of autonomy and national revival among his compatriots. Drawing from the insights of contemporary scholars such as Tamar Gvianishvili and contrasting them with those of Paata Gergaia, the paper revisits Cherkezishvili’s emotional and intellectual struggle to reconcile anarcho-communist ideals with his fervent support for Georgian statehood. A close associate of Peter Kropotkin and a major figure in international anarchism, Cherkezishvili sharply criticized Marxist socialism, advocating for decentralized, cooperative societies based on social justice, equality, and direct democracy. His unwavering support for Georgian independence, especially through the legal lens of the Treaty of Georgievsky, marks him as a unique thinker who harmonized internationalist anarchism with national liberation. The article ultimately positions Cherkezishvili as a rare figure capable of balancing the tension between personal liberty and national identity, offering a nuanced philosophical approach to the relationship between anarchism and patriotism.