Evaluation Of Antidiabetic Potential of Acacia Nilotica Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

“Diabetes mellitus”, is one of the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide. India faces several challenges in diabetes management, including a rising prevalence in urban and rural areas, lack of disease awareness among the public, limited health care facilities, high cost of treatment, suboptimal glycaemic control and rising prevalence of diabetic complications. The Ethanolic extract of Acacia Nilotica was evaluated for its Hypoglycaemic activity in normal and Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. The extract produced significant reduction (p<0.001) in blood glucose and also had beneficial effects on the lipid profile in normal as well as streptozotocin induced diabetic rats at the end of the treatment period (21st day). The Hypoglycaemic activity of Acacia Nilotica Leaves extract was compared with Glibenclamide (0.25mg/kg b.w.) Acacia nilotica has been used in ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of numerous metabolic disorders from decades. The purpose of our study was to understand the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in protective effect of A. nilotica leaves Ethanolic extract on diabetes induced by Streptozotocin. To look for the antidiabetic effect the albino wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. A single I.P. injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 40mg/kg body weight was used to cause diabetes. The rats were given the conventional medicine, Glibenclamide, at dose 0.25mg/kg body weight, respectively, until the completion of the trial. Group -1 consisted of normal rat orally administered 0.1 ml physiological saline; Group -2 consisted of streptozotocin (40mg/kg I.P.) induced diabetes rats. Group -3 consisted of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with orally administered Glibenclamide (0.25mg/kg) once a day for 21 days. Group - 4 consisted of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with orally administered Ethanolic extract of Acacia Nilotica 50mg/kg once a day for 21 days. Group-5 consisted of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with orally administered Ethanolic extract of Acacia Nilotica (100mg/kg) once a day for 21 days. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, blood glucose levels were measured. Results: The extract's anti-diabetic properties increased when the dose was increased, and blood glucose level gradually decreased as the test drug was exposed for longer periods of time.