Barriers and Drivers in the Adoption of New Genomic Techniques for Grapevines

Severe climate conditions and fungal diseases have significantly impacted global wine production, reaching its lowest levels in decades. While vineyards struggle with these challenges, the European Green Deal seeks to reduce pesticide use. Developing resilient grape varieties with strong quality standards is essential for the industry's future. This study examines how European producers perceive New Genomic Techniques (NGTs), innovative methods that enhance plant traits without adding foreign DNA, improving grape resistance to environmental and biological stresses while promoting more sustainable production. Employing qualitative methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted across six major wine-producing countries. Thematic analysis revealed a complex and diverse range of opinions. Growers recognized NGTs' potential to optimize resource management, enhance climate resilience, and reduce production costs, directly contributing to more sustainable practices. However, significant barriers were identified, including ethical concerns, consumer acceptance, influenced by misinformation and fear of new technologies, and legislative uncertainties, particularly the EU's regulatory framework. Furthermore, farmers' knowledge gaps and adherence to traditional methods posed internal barriers. The need for transparent communication was highlighted as a critical factor, as well as the importance of addressing these multiple challenges through stakeholder engagement and informed policymaking.