Frequency Regulation in an Autonomous Microgrid Using BES based Multistage PID Control Approach

The variability in output power from renewable energy sources (RES), load and system disturbances in autonomous microgrid (MG) can lead to significant frequency deviations. Traditional PID controllers often struggle to perform adequately under these challenging conditions. To address these issues, this paper recommends a multistage PID (MSPID) controller designed explicitly for microgrid frequency management. The parameters of this controller are optimized using a Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm. The controller is rigorously tested on an autonomous hybrid microgrid, considering various parametric and systemic disturbances. The results demonstrate notable improvements in error reduction, settling time, and overshoot, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed controller compared to multilevel PID(MLPID) and traditional PID controllers found in existing literature.