A Compact S-Shaped Patch Antenna for ISM-Band Wireless Communications Applications

The evolution of wireless communication systems has intensified the demand for compact, efficient antennas tailored to specific applications. This research introduces an S-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication, emphasizing its compactness and operational efficiency. The antenna designed and simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software, achieves a gain of 1.75 dBi, 95% radiation efficiency, an operational bandwidth of 200 MHz (2.37 GHz to 2.57 GHz), and an excellent impedance matching with compact dimensions of 29 mm × 20 mm optimized to achieve resonance within the desired frequency of 2.45 GHz and make the antenna suitable for space-constrained environments. Detailed analysis of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and radiation characteristics are presented. The antenna is fabricated, and the simulated results were verified by practical measurements of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The measured resonance frequency and return loss proved the appropriateness of the antenna to the desired ISM band of 2.45 GHz. Though some minor deviations were noted between the simulated and practical performance. Comparative results with recent antenna designs highlight the proposed S-shaped antenna's performance and potential for specific applications in constrained environments requiring highly efficient narrowband antennas.