STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF ELECTRIC DIPOLES IN SOLIDS

In solids, electric dipole moments are very crucial for understanding various properties and phenomena, including dielectric behaviour, ferroelectricity, and piezoelectricity. They arise from the asymmetry in charge distribution within molecules or unit cells of the solid, leading to a separation of positive and negative charges. These dipole moments can be permanent, induced by an external electric field, or both, and their collective behaviour significantly impacts the macroscopic properties of materials. In this article, we consider a solid at an absolute temperature , in which some of the ordinary ions are replaced by negatively impurity ions, in the presence of a small electric field and study the electric dipole moment (and its associated aspects) of the solid in a detailed way and interpret the outcomes statistically. We then conclude accordingly.