Deciphering Construction Delays in a War-Affected Region: A Triangular Perspective from Clients, Regulatory Bodies, and Contractors

Construction delays remain a critical issue in Afghanistan, significantly impacting project timelines and overall infrastructure development. Over the past two decades, increased foreign investments have led to a significant increase in construction projects, making it essential to identify and address the key variables contributing to these delays. This study systematically examines 31 variables influencing construction project timelines, identified through a literature review and experts’ consultations. A questionnaire survey using a Likert scale was conducted to assess the relative importance of different variables from various stakeholder perspectives, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to categorize the variables into four major factors: construction execution and operational constraints, contractor management and planning issues, scope changes and regulatory delays, and financial, political, and contractual risks. The results indicate that political and security instability, corruption, delayed payments from clients, contractor financial instability, ineffective planning and scheduling, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and poor contractor qualifications are the most significant contributors to project delays. Additionally, poor site management, low-bid contracts with reduced profit margins, and slow approval processes further exacerbate the problem. Moreover, variables such as adverse weather conditions, foreign quality control requirements, waiting for information, price fluctuations, and customs-related delays also contribute to construction project inefficiencies, particularly in logistics-heavy and cross-border projects. To mitigate these challenges, this study underscores the importance of comprehensive governance reforms, transparent procurement policies, and improved financial planning measures. Furthermore, an integrated, multistakeholder approach involving government oversight, private sector participation, and digital project monitoring tools is essential for improving efficiency. Additionally, contractor training programs, stricter quality control measures, and modernized project management methodologies will play a crucial role in enhancing the overall performance of Afghanistan’s construction industry.