Assessment of Material Standardization in Primary Tooth Obturation: An Observational Study

Background: The success of pulpectomy in primary teeth relies heavily on optimal obturation to ensure the longevity of treated teeth. Standardizing obturation material volumes is critical for preventing complications such as voids or overfilling. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of material volume on obturation quality in primary tooth pulpectomy using zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Metapex, with assessments conducted via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty extracted primary teeth were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (Metapex) and Group 2 (ZOE). Obturation volumes were varied (0.03-0.8 ml) and measured using pre-calibrated syringes. CBCT imaging was employed to evaluate obturation quality based on grading criteria from Grade A (suboptimal) to Grade D (extrusion). Statistical analysis using ANOVA was conducted to assess differences in material performance. Results: Optimal obturation (Grade C) was achieved with 0.12 ml of Metapex at 12mm and 0.05 ml of ZOE at 10mm. Excess volumes resulted in overfilling (Grade D). CBCT analyses confirmed that material standardization and precise volume control significantly influenced outcomes. Conclusion: Standardized obturation material volumes are essential for achieving optimal fillings and minimizing complications in pediatric endodontics. Advanced imaging techniques enhance treatment precision and patient outcomes.