APPROACHES TO THE TRANSLATION OF THE LEXICAL UNITS “BARYMTA” AND “KARYMTA” IN KAZHIGALI MUKHANBETKALIULY’S NOVEL “TROUBLED TIMES”

The article explores methods for overcoming Kazakh cultural and linguistic non-equivalence in the literary translation of the historical novel “Troubled times” by Kazhigali Mukhanbetkaliuly into Russian and English. The novel is dedicated to the Kazakh resistance against colonialism in the 18th century. The study specifically examines the transfer of the non-equivalent terms "barymta" and "karymta". The study is significant for understanding how effectively and accurately to convey non-equivalent vocabulary, which is especially important for the translation of historical novels that seek to preserve the authenticity of their national and historical context. Using content and comparative analysis, the study determined that in the Russian and English translations, such techniques as transliteration, explicitation with a footnote, calque, and grammatical substitution were employed to overcome the Kazakh cultural and linguistic non-equivalence. The analysis of these techniques showed that the term “barymta” was translated using the foreignization strategy, while “karymta” was rendered using the domestication one. The results of the study will provide valuable insights into the ways of preservation of the literary and cultural identity in literary translations, offering useful guidance for researchers in Translation Studies and Literary Studies who explore translation as an integral part of the literary process. Future research could be focused on other culturally significant non-equivalent vocabulary in the novel under study and investigate issues related to indirect translation from Kazakh to English through Russian.